1 . The gland should first be placed on the plain end of the pipe with the gland lip facing toward the fitting socket. The gasket should then be placed on the plain end of the pipe. 2 . The rubber gasket will seal more effectively if the surfaces with which it comes in contact are cleaned thoroughly with a wire brush just prior to assembly in order to remove all loose rust or foreign material. 3 . After placing the gland and gasket on the pipe plain end, the pipe plain end should be inserted into the socket of the fitting until it touches the bottom of the socket. The gasket is then brought toward the socket and tapped into place evenly until the gasket is firmly in place in the gasket seat. 4 . The gland is then brought toward the fitting socket until the lip of the gland touches the gasket evenly, completely around the socket. The bolts are then inserted into the bolt holes and the nuts placed "finger-tight" evenly around the socket. 5 . The gland should then be centered on the pipe immediately prior to tightening the bolts. Small wedges may be used to center the gland on the pipe. When tightening the bolts, it is essential that the gland be brought up toward the fitting flange evenly, maintaining approximately the same distance between the gland and the face of the flange at all points around the socket. This may be achieved by partially tightening the bottom bolt first, then the top bolt, next the bolts at either side, and finally the remaining bolts. This process should be repeated until all bolts are within the range of torques shown in the following table. INT RECOMMENDED BOLT TORQUES PIPE SIZE (mm) BOLT SIZE inches(mm) RANGE OF TORQUES ft - lb (M kgf) LENGTH OF WRENCH inches (mm) 80-600mm 3/4 (19) 75 - 90 (10-13) 10 (254) 700-1000mm 1 (25.4) 100 - 120 (14-17) 14 (356) 1200mm 1 1/4 (32) 120 - 150 (17-21) 16 (406) In the larger sizes (600mm and larger), as many as five repetitions may be required. If effective sealing is not attained at the maximum torque indicated, then the joint should be disassembled, thoroughly cleaned, and reassembled. Overstressing of bolts to compensate for poor installation practice should be avoided.